Increment and Decrement Operators

Increment and decrement operators are unary operators in C programming language that are used to increase or decrease the value
of a variable by 1. The increment operator is denoted by "++", and the decrement operator is denoted by "--".

These operators can be used both in prefix and postfix forms. The prefix form of the increment operator (++x) first increments
the value of x and then uses the updated value in the expression. For example:
int x = 5;
int y = ++x;
In this example, x is first incremented to 6, and then assigned to y. Therefore, y will have a value of 6.

The postfix form of the increment operator (x++) uses the value of x in the expression, and then increments the value of x afterwards.
For example:
int x = 5;
int y = x++;
In this example, x is first assigned to y, and then incremented to 6. Therefore, y will have a value of 5.

Similarly, the decrement operator can be used in prefix and postfix forms. The prefix form (--x) first decrements the value of x and
then uses the updated value in the expression, while the postfix form (x--) uses the value of x in the expression and then decrements
the value of x afterwards.

The increment and decrement operators can also be used in compound assignments, such as += and -=. For example:
int x = 5;
x += 2; //equivalent to x = x+2
x --; //equivalent to x= x-1;

It is important to use these operators with caution, as they can lead to unexpected results if used incorrectly. For example,
using the increment operator twice in the same statement can lead to undefined behavior. Additionally, these operators should
not be used on variables that have not been initialized, as this can also lead to undefined behavior.

Understanding the proper usage of the increment and decrement operators is important for programming in C, especially for loops
and other situations where you need to manipulate the value of a variable.